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Spike Lee’s original idea was a hip-hop version of the Black spiritual “Lift Every Voice and Sing”; Bomb Squad producer Hank Shocklee firmly rejected it, insisting it needed to resonate with the group’s own fanbase. Chuck D wrote the lyrics flying over Italy, drawing on the Isley Brothers’ own earlier “Fight the Power.”
The soundtrack version opens with a Branford Marsalis sax solo and plays over 15 times in the film — the opening dance scene and as a recurring motif from Radio Raheem’s boombox.
In May 1989 Public Enemy’s Professor Griff made widely-condemned antisemitic remarks; with the film due in July, Chuck D fired Griff and briefly announced the group was splitting to keep the controversy away from the film. Griff rejoined about a year later. Stated as documented history.